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Firewall and Advanced Packet Routing

Getting the MOST out of your LINUX firewall box

You may be wondering, “I have given due attention to my Application and Operating System level security, why would I need a firewall or what is a firewall and how will that benefit my business?
Well, you may want to ponder over the following before making any rational decisions:
* Your corporate network uses a leased line provided by a third party for internet access. The bad news is, your organization does not control the physical security of those lines. Is there any useful first step towards controlling traffic to and from your LAN?
* The internet is not the environment you intent to trust. How can you possibly disclose very little information about your Network layout, but still get your job done? How do you get the internet to see your network as a single Host?
* Your network happens to be huge, and it’s sub-netted. Another thing is, it sees all kinds of traffic; voice traffic (which requires low latency and high throughput), web traffic, SSH sessions etc. How can you handle all these traffic, and still get the most out of your finite bandwidth?
* Let’s say you want your public servers to be accessible to the internet. To get this to work, you need, at a minimum, a routable address for each server. The catch is, routable addresses are not free. The question is, is there a work-around? This is the only course which makes you prepare for a solid scripting foundation which requires for Linux automation.


Who should attend
System administrators, network administrators and software developers who want to implement Firewall.

Prerequisites
Attendees should already have a basic understanding of the Internet and Unix operating systems. You should already be comfortable with editing configuration files and installing software on your system. You should understand fundamentals such as networking, user-ids, file systems, service management and file permissions.
Prior knowledge of firewall and packet routing is not required.



Course Outline

UNIT 1:Firewall Concepts
What is firewall?
What is Packet Filtering?
Network Address Translation (NAT)?
IPTables modules and supporting files
IPTables Access Control List (ACL) syntax
ACL management
LAB Task: Save & Restore IPTables ACLs

UNIT 2: Chain Management

Usage of Default Tables:
- Filter
- NAT
- Mangle
Explore Chains in the default tables
- INPUT: For packets send to this host
- OUTPUT: For packets send from this host
- FORWARD: For packets send through this host
- PREROUTING: For DNAT
- POSTROUTING: For SNAT

UNIT 3: Usage of Iptables Command

- List rules
- Flush rules
- Append rules

UNIT 4: Packet Matching & Handling

- Source/Dest IPs, Source/Dest Ports
- Packet matching/handling based on
- TCP streams
- UDP datagrams
- ICMP Traffic

UNIT 5: Match Handling - Iptables Target

Write rules with the below targets for packet handling
-REJECT
-LOG
-ACCEPT
-DROP
-SNAT
-DNAT
-REDIRECT

UNIT 6: ICMP Types

echo-request
echo-reply

LAB Exercises:
LAB 1: Drop ICMP Packets for inbound and outbound
LAB 2: Denying SSH Connection for port 22
LAB 3: Protect against Spoofed Addresses
LAB 4: Configure Outgoing TCP/UDP Connections
LAB 5: Writing rules to match packets based on layer-2 addresses

UNIT 7: State Maintenance - Stateful Firewall

Concept: Stateless Connection / Statefull Connection
Types of states:
- NEW
- ESTABLISHED
- RELATED
- INVALID
List kernel modules to support the stateful firewall
Deploying stateful TCP inspection

UNIT 8: Iptables Logging

Access Control Entry (ACEs) to perform logging
Log traffic
Implement catch-all ACE
Label the log entries

UNIT 9: Iptables Statistics

Packet counts & bytes traversing the various chains
Reset all counters

UNIT 10: Packet Routing

Linux Router
Forward chain
Write ACEs to permit routing

Talk: IPTables/Netfilter Recent Module

UNIT 11: Network Address Translation (NAT)

- Iptables Masquerading:
Usage: POSTROUTING
Usage: Source NAT (SNAT)
Usage: PREROUTING
Usage: Destination NAT (DNAT)

UNIT 12: Configure Port Forwarding:

- Usage: sysctl
- sysclt.conf

UNIT 13: Demilitarized Zone (DMZ) Configuration

- Port Address Translation (PAT) rules to permit inbound traffic
- DMZ forwarding (Routing)

LAB Exercises:

Creating user defined chains
Zero packet counts & bytes - bandwidth usage monitoring
Allowing access to ssh in day time: 9am to 6pm
Allowing DNS Access To Your Firewall
Allowing WWW And SSH Access To Your Firewall
Deploy Transparent Proxying

UNIT 14: Linux advanced routing

It is implemented in two parts:
1. Rules
2. Routing tables

UNIT 15: The Tools

ip command
iproute2
tc command
cbq.init
Marriage of iproute2, iptables, kernel

UNIT 16: Linux Quality of Service

Using the traffic control and netfilter infrastructure to manage bandwidth more effectively and how to collect
statistics to aid with that process.



Trainings
Onsite Training
These courses are available for on-site delivery for groups of 5 or more students. LinoBox offers discounted training for on-site courses of more than 5 students - contact Sanjeet Vanamala at sanjeet@linobox.com or 91-9819586142 to schedule training and arrange details or for any kind of information..